MASONRY STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS Manual
on CD

Purpose. This manual prescribes criteria and guidance for the structural design of reinforced masonry in buildings.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Purpose
Scope
References

2. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN MASONRY
Design/Construction Process Overview Role of Design Engineer

3. MATERIALS, PROPERTIES, STANDARD TESTS AND EFFLORESCENCE
Clay Masonry Units
Concrete Masonry Units
Mortar
Grout
Reinforcement
Standard Tests
Efflorescence

4. DESIGN FOR CRACK CONTROL
Concrete Masonry Walls
Brick Walls
Anchored Veneers
Composite Walls
Isolation of Nonstructural Partitions
Shelf Angles
Other Than Running Bond Masonry

5. GENERAL CRITERIA FOR REINFORCED MASONRY
Working Stress Assumptions
Structural Properties
Working Stress Design Equations
Allowable Working Stresses
Basic Reinforcement Requirements
Connections Between Elements

6. REINFORCED MASONRY WALLS
Design Loadings
Structural Behavior
Wall Design Equations
P-Delta Effect
Walls With Openings
Design Aids
Design Examples

7. REINFORCED MASONRY SHEAR WALLS
Allowable Shear Stresses
Design Considerations
Rigidity
Distribution of Forces to Shear Walls
Effects of Openings in Shear Walls
Shear Wall Rigidity Analysis
Design Examples

CHAPTER 8. LINTELS
Loading
Allowable Deflection
Masonry Lintel Deflections
Bearing Pressure at Lintel Reaction
Lateral Support
Design Aids
Design Examples

9. COLUMNS AND PILASTERS
Minimum Requirements
Loadings
General Behavior
Design Procedures
Design Example

10. NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
Background
NDE Methods
Applications of Combined Techniques
NDE Tests
Advantages and Disadvantages of all NDE Tests

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES
B: DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED MASONRY WALLS
C: LINTEL DESIGN AIDS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1. Typical Clay Masonry Units.
3-2. Examples of Concrete Masonry Units.
3-3. Strength of Mortar PSI Versus Constituent Proportions.
3-4. Masonry Wall Flexure.
3-5. Masonry Stress-Strain Curve.
5-1. Open-End Unit 8 in X 8 in X 16 in.
5-2. Assumed Dimensions and Effective Areas of Hollow Masonry.
5-3. Working Stress Flexural Design Assumptions for Rectangular Sections.
5-4. Working Stress Flexural Design Assumptions for T-Sections.
5-5. Effective Embedment, 1 and edge distance
6-1. Wall Loading, Moment and Deflection Diagrams-Wind and Axial load Moments Additive.
6-2. Wall Loading, Moment and Deflection Diagrams-Wind and Axial load Moments not Additive.
6-3. Example 3 Wall Elevation.
6-4. Section A through Wall Stiffener.
7-1. M/Vd Ratios for Shear Walls.
7-2. Shear Wall Deformations.
7-3. Deformation of Shear Wall With Openings.
7-4. Relative Rigidities of Piers and Spandrels.
7-5a. Wall Deflection Chart.
7-5b. Wall Deflection Chart.
7-6. Design Example 1 Wall Elevation.
7-7. Design Example 2 Wall Elevation.
8-1. Triangular and Concentrated Loading on Lintels.
8-2. Example 1 Wall Elevation.
8-3. Example 1 Lintel Cross Section.
8-4. Example 2 Wall Elevation.
8-5. Example 2 Lintel Cross Section.
8-6. Example 3 Wall Elevation.
8-7. Example 3 Lintel Cross Section.
8-8. Dead Load Shear and Moment Diagrams.
8-9. Live Load Shear and Moment Diagrams.
8-10. Location of Web Reinforcing in Lintel.
9-1. Isolated Concrete Masonry Column.
9-2. Concrete Masonry Pilaster with Continuous Bond Beam.
9-3. Uncracked Section.
Figure 9-4. Cracked Section.
9-5. Reaction Locations of Beams and Trusses.
9-6. Load Carrying Capacities of Columns vs. Kh/r.
9-7. Trial Section.
10-1. Prism Compressive Strength vs. Rebound Number.
10-2. Masonry Deformations Around Flatjack Slot During In-Situ Stress Test.
10-3. Stress-Strain Curve Obtained During In-Situ Deformability Test.
10-4. Setup For Modified In-Plane Shear Test.
10-5. Typical Ultrasonic Test Configurations.
10-6. Three Dimensional Surface Representing Through-wall Ultrasonic Pulse Arrival Time.
10-7. Mechanical Pulse Testing Apparatus.
10-8. Pulse Path Length vs. Arrival Time.

LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1. Durability.
4-1. Recommended Control Joint Spacing and Locations.
4-2. Maximum Spacing of Vertical Expansion Joints in Brick Walls, ) T = 1000.
5-1. Assumed Dimensions of Hollow Concrete Masonry Units and Associated Dimensions, Inches.
5-2. Equivalent Wall Thickness for Computing Compression and Shear Stress Parallel to the Wall for Hollow Concrete Masonry Units, Inches.
5-3. Area Effective in Axial Compression and in In-Plane Shear
5-4. Gross Moment of Inertia and Cracking Moment Strength for Various Widths of CMU Walls. Type S Mortar, f' = 1350. m
5-5. Weight of CMU Walls, w , Pounds Per Square Foot.
5-6. Gross Areas, Net Areas and Average Weights of Concrete Masonry Units.
5-7. Allowable Working Stresses in Reinforced Masonry.
5-8. Allowable Working Stresses for Grade 60 Reinforcing Bars.
5-9. Balanced Reinforcing Steel Ratio Along With k and j for Fully Grouted CMU in Running Bond.
f =60,000 psi. y 5-10. Balanced Reinforcing Steel, One Bar Per Cell, Fully Grouted CMU Walls in Running Bond. f 1350 psi, f =60,000 psi.
5-11. Balanced Reinforcing Steel, Two Bars Per Cell, Fully Grouted CMU Walls. f' = 1350 psi, f = 60,000 psi.
5-12. Allowable Tension in Bolts, Ba, in Pounds, Based on the Compressive Strength of Masonry.
5-13. Allowable Tension in Bolts, Ba, in Pounds, Based on a Steel Yield Strength of 36,000 psi.
5-14. Allowable Shear, B , in Pounds, Based On the Listed Values of f* and a Steel Yield Strength of 36,000 psi.
7-1. Centroid and Moment of Inertia of Net Wall Section.
9-1. K factors for Columns and Pilasters. 10-1. Use of NDE Methods.
B-1. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 6 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-2. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 8 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-3. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 10 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-4. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 12 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-5. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With Two Reinforcing Bars in Each Reinforced Cell, 8 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-6. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With Two Reinforcing Bars in Each Reinforced Cell, 10 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-7. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With Two Reinforcing Bars in Each Reinforced Cell, 12 in CMU, Type S Mortar.
B-8. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 6 in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-9. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 8 in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-10. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 10 in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-11. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell, 12 in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-12. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With Two Reinforcing Bars in Each Reinforced Cell, S in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-13. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With Two Reinforcing Bars in Each Reinforced Cell, 10 in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-14. Properties of Wall Stiffeners With Two Reinforcing Bars in Each Reinforced Cell, 12 in CMU, Type N Mortar.
B-15. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-16. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-17. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-18. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-19. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-20. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-21. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-22. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-23. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-24. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 6 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-25. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-26. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-27. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-28. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
Table B-29. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-30. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-31. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-32. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-33. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-34. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-35. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-36. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-37. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 8 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-38. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-39. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-40. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-41. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-42. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-43. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-44. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-45. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-46. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-47. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-48. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-49. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
B-50. Reinforcement Spacing in Inches for 12 Inch CMU Wall With One Reinforcing Bar in Each Reinforced Cell.
C-1. 6? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?1 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-2. 6? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?1 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-3. 6? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?1 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-4. 6? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?1 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-S. 6? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?1 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-6. 6? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?1 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-7. 8? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-8. 5? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-9. 8? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-10. 8? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-11. 8? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-12. 8? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-13. 10? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-14. 10? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-15. 10? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-16. 10? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-17. 10? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-18. 10? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-19. 12? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-20. 12? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-21. 12? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-22. 12? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-23. 12? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-24. 12? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?2 Bar Type S Mortar.
C-25. 6? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?1 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-26. 6? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?1 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-27. 6? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?1 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-28. 6? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?1 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-29. 6? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?1 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-30. 6? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?1 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-31. 8? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-32. 8? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-33. 8? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-34. 5? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-35. 8? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-36. 8? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-37. 10? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-38. 10? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-39. 10? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-40. 10? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-41. 10? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-42. 10? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-43. 12? CMU Lintel 8? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-44. 12? CMU Lintel 16? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
Table C-45. 12? CMU Lintel 24? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-46. 12? CMU Lintel 32? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-47. 12? CMU Lintel 40? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.
C-48. 12? CMU Lintel 48? Deep?2 Bar Type N Mortar.

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©2003 by Management Science Institute.